Present participle clauses

Present participle clauses

We can use a present participle in a clause by itself without a subject or auxiliary:

• When one action leads to or is the reason for another:

Rushing to get to an interview the other day, I forgot to tie my shoe laces properly.
... but not looking where I was going I tripped ...

• When two actions happen at the same time or one action happens while another is happening:

... but looking in the mirror I saw that the cut on my head was really quite bad.
Phoning my interviewee back, I told her that I wouldn't be able to make it after all.

• When one action happens after another one:

After making the call, I went back to my flat and started to clean myself up
After hanging up I went straight to the hospital ...

Examples of past participles in clauses

thi tieng anh tren mang

thi tieng anh

ôn thi toeic

luyện thi toeic

luyện nghe toeic

When one action is followed by another: the past particple forms past of the perfect participle.

Having washed the car I took it for a drive.

In reduced passive relative clauses:

Cars parked here will be clamped. =
Cars which have been parked here will be clamped.

The gold stolen in the train robbery was never recovered.=
The gold which was stolen in the train robbery was never recovered.

The bystander injured in the crash was airlifted to hospital.=
The bystander who was injured in the crash was airlifted to hospital.